A Ferris wheel on the boardwalk in Ocean City, New Jersey, US
A Ferris wheel (sometimes called a big wheel, observation wheel, or, in the case of the very tallest examples, giant wheel) is a nonbuilding structure consisting of a rotating upright wheel with multiple passenger-carrying components (commonly referred to as passenger cars, cabins, tubs, capsules, gondolas, or pods) attached to the rim in such a way that as the wheel turns, they are kept upright, usually by gravity.
Some of the largest modern Ferris wheels have cars mounted on the outside of the rim, with electric motors to independently rotate each car to keep it upright. These wheels are sometimes referred to as observation wheels and their cars referred to as capsules, however these alternative names are also used for wheels with conventional gravity-oriented cars.
The original Ferris Wheel was designed and constructed by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. as a landmark for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The generic term Ferris wheel is now used for all such structures, which have become the most common type of amusem*nt ride at state fairs in the United States.
Since the original 1893 Chicago Ferris wheel there have been nine world's tallest-ever Ferris wheels. The current record holder is the 167.6-metre (550ft) High Roller in Las Vegas, US, which opened to the public in March 2014.
Observation wheels
Observation wheel is an alternative name for Ferris wheel. In 1892, when the incorporation papers for the Ferris Wheel Company (constructors of the original 1893 Chicago Ferris Wheel) were filed, the purpose of the company was stated as: [construction and operation of] "...wheels of the Ferris or other types for the purpose of observation or amusem*nt".
Some Ferris wheels are marketed as observation wheels, any distinction between the two names being at the discretion of the operator, however the wheels whose operators reject the term Ferris wheel are often those having most in common with the original 1893 Chicago Ferris Wheel, especially in terms of scale and being an iconic landmark for a city or event.
Wheels with passenger cars mounted external to the rim and independently rotated by electric motors, as opposed to wheels with cars suspended from the rim and kept upright by gravity, are those most commonly referred to as observation wheels, and their cars are often referred to as capsules. However, these alternative names are also sometimes used for wheels with conventional gravity-oriented cars.
Only four Ferris wheels with motorised capsules have ever been built.
The 167.6m (550ft) High Roller, world's tallest since March 2014, has externally mounted motorised capsules of a transparent spherical design, and is described as both a Ferris wheel and an observation wheel by the media.
The 165m (541ft) Singapore Flyer has cylindrical externally mounted motorised capsules and is described as an observation wheel by its operators, but was also credited as "world's largest Ferris wheel" by the media when it opened in 2008.
The 135m (443ft) London Eye, typically described as a "giant Ferris wheel" by the media, has ovoidal externally mounted motorised capsules and is the "world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel" according to its operators, who claim "The London Eye is often mistakenly called a Ferris wheel. This is not the case: first, the passenger capsules are completely enclosed and are climate controlled; secondly, the capsules are positioned on the outside of the wheel structure and are fully motorised; and third, the entire structure is supported by an A-frame on one side only." However the Singapore Flyer subsequently billed itself as the "world's largest observation wheel", despite being supported on both sides, and the official londoneye.com website also refers to the London Eye as "Europe's tallest Ferris wheel".
Southern Star (now Melbourne Star), tallest in the Southern Hemisphere, in 2008
The 120m (394ft) Melbourne Star (previously the Southern Star) in Australia has ovoidal externally mounted motorised capsules and is described by its operators as "the only observation wheel in the southern hemisphere", but also as a Ferris wheel by the media.
Official conceptual renderings of the proposed 190.5m (625ft) New York Wheel, due to begin construction in 2015, also show a wheel equipped with externally mounted motorised capsules.
Images for kids
High Roller, in Las Vegas, Nevada, world's tallest operational Ferris wheel between 2014 and October 2021
Dancing the hora on Dealul Spirii (Spirii Hill), Bucharest, Romania (1857 lithograph)
Magic-City, Paris, France, 1913
William Somers' Wheel, installed 1892, immediate precursor to the original Ferris Wheel
The original Chicago Ferris Wheel, built for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition
The 94m Great Wheel at Earls Court, London, world's tallest Ferris wheel 1895–1900
The 96m Grande Roue de Paris, world's tallest Ferris wheel 1900–1920
Artist's impression of the 175m Great Berlin Wheel, a project originally due for completion in 2008, but which stalled after encountering financial obstacles
SkyWheel Helsinki, formerly known as Finnair SkyWheel, is the only Ferris wheel in the world with a sauna in one of its gondola cabins.
Big O, a 60-metre (197ft) tall centreless wheel at Tokyo Dome City in Japan
Roue de Paris, a Ronald Bussink R60 transportable wheel, at Geleen in the Netherlands in 2005
Hermann Eccentric Ferris Wheel with sliding cars, from US patent 1354436, 1915; forerunner of the 1920 Wonder Wheel, there is no record of it ever being built
Wonder Wheel, a 45.7-metre (150ft) tall eccentric wheel at Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusem*nt Park, Coney Island, was built in 1920 by the Eccentric Ferris Wheel Company
Disney California Adventure's Pixar Pal-A-Round, an eccentric wheel modelled on Wonder Wheel, was built in 2001 as Sun Wheel and became Mickey's Fun Wheel in 2009 and currently Pixar Pal-A-Round in 2018
Cosmo Clock 21, world's tallest wheel 1989 to 1997
Ruota dei Pionieri, Minitalia Leolandia Park, Italy (manufactured by Zamperla)
Four-car 30m tall drive-in Ferris wheel at Harbourfront, Toronto, Canada, in 2004
A wheel constructed by the Swedish contingent at the 21st World Scout Jamboree
Passenger-powered 2-seat Cyclecide wheel at the 2007 Bumbershoot festival in Seattle
Ferris wheel in the Park Divo Ostrov, St. Petersburg
Bay Glory in Bao'an Seashore Cultural Park, Shenzhen, China, in 2021
See also
In Spanish: Noria (atracción) para niños
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